Skin Diseases: Basic Knowledge




Primary Lesion - A primary lesion is directly associated with the disease process and is described with established dermatological terminology. Identifying the primary lesion(s), whenever possible, is the first step towards identification of the disease or cutaneous process. Primary lesions include the macule, papule, patch, plaque, vesicle, bulla, nodule, tumor, wheal, and pustule. Secondary lesions are a modification of primary lesions.

Macule - A circumscribed flat area less than 1 cm of discoloration without elevation or depression of surface relative to surrounding skin.





Papule - A circumscribed, elevated, solid lesion, less than 1 cm.


Patch - A circumscribed area of discoloration, greater than 1 cm, which is neither elevated or depressed relative to the surrounding skin.


Plaque - A well-circumscribed, elevated, superficial, solid lesion, greater than 1 cm in diameter.






Vesicle - A small, superficial, circumscribed elevation of the skin, less than 0.5 cm, that contains serous fluid.



Bulla (pl. Bullae) - A raised, circumscribed lesion greater than 0.5 cm that contains serous fluid.


Nodule - A palpable, solid lesion, less than 1 cm in diameter. These are usually found in the dermal or subcutaneous tissue, and the lesion may be above, level with, or below the skin surface.

Tumor - Solid, firm lesions >1 cm that can be above, level with, or beneath the skin surface. Also known as a mass.

Wheal - Transient, circumscribed, elevated papules or plaques, often with erythematous borders and pale centers.


Pustule - A small (<>

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