Uterovaginal Prolapse Is a form of Hernia in which the uterus and Vagina protrudes down out of their normal confinement.
Types
I. Vaginal
a. Anterior wall
-Cystocele( Uriary bladder prolapse)
-Urethrocele( Urethra)
-Combined
b.Posterior wall
-Relaxed perinium
-Rectocele
-Vault prolapse
II. Uterine
Uterovaginal
Congenital
Causes Of Prolapse
Preciptating factors
I. Acquired
a. Overstretching of mackenrodth and Uterosacral Ligaments due to
Premature bear down
Application of forceps when cervix not fully dilated
down pressure on fundus to deliver placents
Precipitate labour
b. Overstretching of endopelvic fascial sheath of vagina
Degree of distension during delivery and duration
c.Subinvolution
ill nourished mother
early resumption of work
perisitent overfilling of bladder
repeated childbirth
d.Over stretching of perinium
Congenital
Spina Bifida occulta
Neurological disorders.
II. Aggravating factors.
a Increased abd pressure.
cough, constipation
b. bulky uterus, fibroid.
c.post menopausal atrophy
d.Asthenia and undernutrition
Overstretchin of perinium
Rhinophyma: Cosmetic Issue
Rhinophyma
Rhinophyma (an advanced type of rosacea) is characterized by an enlarged, bulbous, and red nose resulting from enlargement of the oil-producing glands beneath the surface of the skin on the nose. Depending on the severity of rhinophyma, doctors may begin treatment with topical or oral rosacea treatment.
What Is Rhinophyma?
To understand what rhinophyma is, it's important to first have a basic understanding of rosacea. Rosacea is a chronic disease that affects the skin. The disease is characterized by redness, pimples, and, in advanced stages, thickened skin. When rosacea reaches this advanced stage, rhinophyma may develop. The most common characteristic of rhinophyma is an enlarged, bulbous, and red nose. Rhinophyma is associated with the sebaceous (oil-producing) glands beneath the surface of the skin on the nose. The condition is more common in men than women.
Symptoms of Rhinophyma
Rhinophyma is characterized by an enlarged, bulbous, and red nose resulting from the enlargement of the sebaceous (oil-producing) glands beneath the surface of the skin on the nose.
What Causes Rhinophyma?
Doctors do not know the exact cause of rhinophyma.
Diagnosing Rhinophyma
Dermatologists usually diagnose rhinophyma by its appearance and associated symptoms because there are no tests that can diagnose this disease. However, on rare occasions, skin biopsies can pinpoint rhinophyma. Doctors will usually diagnose a patient with rhinophyma if the patient has rhinophyma symptoms and a family history of rhinophyma.
Current Treatment of Rhinophyma
Depending on the severity of the rhinophyma, doctors may begin treatment with topical or oral rosacea medications. Rhinophyma that does not respond to medications may be treated with:
Electrosurgery
Laser treatment
Dermabrasion
Resculpturing
Rhinophyma (an advanced type of rosacea) is characterized by an enlarged, bulbous, and red nose resulting from enlargement of the oil-producing glands beneath the surface of the skin on the nose. Depending on the severity of rhinophyma, doctors may begin treatment with topical or oral rosacea treatment.
What Is Rhinophyma?
To understand what rhinophyma is, it's important to first have a basic understanding of rosacea. Rosacea is a chronic disease that affects the skin. The disease is characterized by redness, pimples, and, in advanced stages, thickened skin. When rosacea reaches this advanced stage, rhinophyma may develop. The most common characteristic of rhinophyma is an enlarged, bulbous, and red nose. Rhinophyma is associated with the sebaceous (oil-producing) glands beneath the surface of the skin on the nose. The condition is more common in men than women.
Symptoms of Rhinophyma
Rhinophyma is characterized by an enlarged, bulbous, and red nose resulting from the enlargement of the sebaceous (oil-producing) glands beneath the surface of the skin on the nose.
What Causes Rhinophyma?
Doctors do not know the exact cause of rhinophyma.
Diagnosing Rhinophyma
Dermatologists usually diagnose rhinophyma by its appearance and associated symptoms because there are no tests that can diagnose this disease. However, on rare occasions, skin biopsies can pinpoint rhinophyma. Doctors will usually diagnose a patient with rhinophyma if the patient has rhinophyma symptoms and a family history of rhinophyma.
Current Treatment of Rhinophyma
Depending on the severity of the rhinophyma, doctors may begin treatment with topical or oral rosacea medications. Rhinophyma that does not respond to medications may be treated with:
Electrosurgery
Laser treatment
Dermabrasion
Resculpturing
ALOPECIA: HAIR LOSS causes
Hair loss
loss of hair is called alopecia.
Facts:
Hair loss usually develops gradually and may be patchy or diffuse (all over).
Hair loss usually develops gradually and may be patchy or diffuse (all over).
Roughly 100 hairs are lost from your head every day.
The average scalp contains about 100,000 hairs.
Each individual hair survives for an average of 4-1/2 years, during which time it grows about half an inch a month. Usually in its 5th year, the hair falls out and is replaced within 6 months by a new one.
Each individual hair survives for an average of 4-1/2 years, during which time it grows about half an inch a month. Usually in its 5th year, the hair falls out and is replaced within 6 months by a new one.
Genetic baldness is caused by the body's failure to produce new hairs and not by excessive hair loss.
Both men and women tend to lose hair thickness and amount as they age. Inherited or "pattern baldness" affects many more men than women. About 25% of men begin to bald by the time they are 30 years old, and about two-thirds are either bald or have a balding pattern by age 60.
Both men and women tend to lose hair thickness and amount as they age. Inherited or "pattern baldness" affects many more men than women. About 25% of men begin to bald by the time they are 30 years old, and about two-thirds are either bald or have a balding pattern by age 60.
male pattern baldness involves a receding hairline and thinning around the crown with eventual bald spots. Ultimately, you may have only a horseshoe ring of hair around the sides. In addition to genes, male-pattern baldness seems to require the presence of the male hormone testosterone . Men who do not produce testosterone (because of genetic abnormalities or castration) do not develop this pattern of baldness.
Some women also develop a particular pattern of hair loss due to genetics, age, and male hormones that tend to increase in women after menopause. The pattern is different from that of men. Female pattern baldness involves a thinning throughout the scalp while the frontal hairline generally remains intact.
Common Causes:
Baldness is not usually caused by a disease, but is related to aging, heredity, and testosterone. In addition to the common male and female patterns from a combination of these factors, other possible causes of hair loss, especially if in an unusual pattern, include:
Alopecia areata -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well.
Autoimmune conditions such as lupus
Burns
Certain infectious diseases such as syphilis
Chemotherapy
Emotional or physical stress
Excessive shampooing and blow-drying
Fever
Hormonal changes -- for example, thyroid disease , childbirth, or use of birth control pills
Nervous habits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing
Radiation therapy
Tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp)
Tumor of the ovary or adrenal glands
Baldness is not usually caused by a disease, but is related to aging, heredity, and testosterone. In addition to the common male and female patterns from a combination of these factors, other possible causes of hair loss, especially if in an unusual pattern, include:
Alopecia areata -- bald patches that develop on the scalp, beard, and, possibly, eyebrows. Eyelashes may fall out as well.
Autoimmune conditions such as lupus
Burns
Certain infectious diseases such as syphilis
Chemotherapy
Emotional or physical stress
Excessive shampooing and blow-drying
Fever
Hormonal changes -- for example, thyroid disease , childbirth, or use of birth control pills
Nervous habits such as continual hair pulling or scalp rubbing
Radiation therapy
Tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp)
Tumor of the ovary or adrenal glands
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